svabhāṣāyāṃ śāstrīyā śikṣā

Posted on May 21, 2016 by mAnasa-taraMgiNI

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navame varṣe lūtikā tasyāḥ pañca-varṣīyāyai anujāyai varolyai dravyaśāstram aśikṣayat | lūtikā ‘vadat : “priye varoli dhyānena kārṇārpaṇaṃ kuru | atha vakṣyāmy amla-kṣāra-siddhāntaṃ ca lavaṇīkaraṇasya prayogaṃ ca | purve kāle svastyātreyeṇa+asmadīyena dravyavidā+amla-kṣāra-siddhāntaḥ proktaḥ | kāle ‘smin amla-kṣāra-siddhānto arrheniyas ca lauri ca bryonsteḍ ca luyis ca nāmabhir mlecchānāṃ dravyavidbhir parisphuṭaḥ | lauri-bryonsteḍ-siddhānte ‘mlam ity udajanāyanasya dātā ca kṣāra ity udajanāyanasya gṛhītā ca | dravyasyo[u]dajanāyana-dānasya balam iti pH parimāṇam | etasmin pH parimāṇe 0 iti tīvrāmlañ ca 14 iti tīvrakṣāraś ca | udakasya pH 7 iti | madhyasthaṃ pH | luyis-siddhānte ‘mlam iti vidyudaṇu-dvayasya gṛhītā ca kṣāra iti vidyudaṇu-dvayasya dātā ca (vidyudaṇu = electron)||

asmadīyāya prayogāya+atra lauri-bryonsteḍ-siddhāntaḥ prayujyate | udanīrikāmlam (HCl) ekaṃ tīvram amlañ ca vikṣārodajāreyam (NaOH) ekas tīvraḥ kṣāraś ca | maṣija-dravyāmlāni (organic acids), udāharaṇaṃ cukraṃ, bahuśo nāsti tīvrāṇi | tadvan maṣija-dravyakṣārāḥ (organic bases), udāharaṇaṃ vinīliyaṃ (aniline), bahuśo ‘balāḥ | atyanta-tīvrāṇy amlāny, udāharaṇaṃ fluorosulfuric acid (HSO_3F) ca antimony pentafluoride (SbF_5) cai[e]kam-ekam-mānena miśraṇaṃ, mahāmlāni (magic acids) kathyante | mahāmlāni maṣija-dravyebhyo ‘py udajanāyanāni dadhate | mahāmleṣu viṣaya etat pH parimāṇam anucitaṃ bhavati | paraṃ tv atra mahāmlāni na varṇayiṣyāmi ||

nu lavaṇīkaraṇasya prayogaṃ pravakṣyāmi | sāmānyor amla-kṣārayoḥ saṃgamena sambhavato lavaṇam udakañ ca | H^+X^- + Y^+OH^- \rightleftharpoons Y^+X^- + H_2O iti sūtram | tato ‘mla-kṣārayoḥ saṃmitena miśreṇa vartate lavaṇīkaraṇam (acid-base titration) | HCl ity ekabalam amlañ ca NaOH ity ekabalaḥ kṣāraḥ | ta ekam udajanāyanasya dānaṃ vā grahaṇaṃ vā śaknuvanti | paraṃ tu H_2SO_4 iti dvi-balam amlañ ca Ca(OH)_2 iti dvibalaḥ kṣāraḥ kāraṇaṃ etābhyāṃ 2 \times H^+ vā 2 \times OH^- vā mucyete | tena 0.5 mol H_2SO_4 tulayati 1 mol NaOH | tataḥ H_2SO_4 asya normality (N) dviguṇaḥ | tataḥ H_3PO_4 asya normality triguṇaḥ | N_1 \times V_1=N_2 \times V_2 lavaṇīkaraṇasya sūtram iti | atha prayogaḥ ||”

lūtikā svasāsahitā gārha-prayoga-śālāyāṃ prāviśat | sā ‘bravīt: “anuje nu hastapau gṛhṇīṣva | idānīṃ dravamiṃ (burette) gṛhītvā praṇālyā sāvadhānaṃ dravamyāṃ 20 ml 1M NaOH kṣāram anupṛṇīyāḥ | atha dhyānena saritnālena (pipette) 10 ml 1M udanīrikāmlaṃ (HCl) palighe udvapeḥ | palighe phenolphthalein varṇa-deṣṭāraṃ upadadyāḥ | Phenolphthalein ekaṃ maṣija-dravyam asti | tad amle ‘varṇañ ca kṣāre pāṭalavarṇañ ca dhārayati | atra dravamyāḥ śanaiḥ śanaiḥ kṣāram amla-paligha āpātayeḥ | kālena kālaṃ palighaṃ mandaṃ mandaṃ kampayethāḥ | yadi palighe dravo bhūyate mṛduḥ pāṭalas tarhi kṣārasyādhikaṃ nirdiśati | kṣārasya dravamyāḥ pravāhaṃ tataḥ kṣaṇāt nirunddhi | dravamyāḥ kṣārasya staraṃ vilakṣaya | tatra sṛjyate lavaṇam iti lavaṇīkaraṇasya prayogaḥ || ”

evam eṣaḥ prayogo ‘grajayo[u]padiṣṭo varolyā nidānena kṛtaḥ | kṣārasya 10 ml samupayuktam iti varoly aikṣata ||

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lūtikayā + anujābhyo nakṣatravidyāyāḥ prathamaḥ pāṭhaḥ ||
bālāvasthāyāṃ tamisre nakte lūtikā ‘bravīt : “sūryeti sāmānyaṃ nakṣatram | sarvāṇi nakṣatrāṇy udajanamayānīti | dravyasyo[u]nmānam ekam aṇu-saṃkhyeti | yadi sarveṣām aṇūnāṃ saṃkhyāṃ gaṇayati tarhi aṇusaṃkhyeti unmānaṃ labhyate | 1 gram paramāṇavīyo[u]dajana-madhye 6.022 \times 10^{23} udajana-paramāṇavaḥ santi | iti 1 mole paramāṇvīyodajanam | 12 grams maṣi-madhya evameva 6.022 \times 10^{23} maṣi-paramāṇavaḥ santi | iti 1 mole maṣiḥ | atha 16 grams paramāṇavīyāgnijana-madhye 6.022 \times 10^{23} agnijana-paramāṇavaḥ santi | iti 1 mole paramāṇavīyāgnijanam | evameva dravya-bhārasya+aṇu-bhāreṇa vibhāgena ca 6.022 \times 10^{23} abhyāsena ca+aṇusaṃkhyā labhyate | nakṣatreṣv udajanāṇu-saṃkhyā 92% iti | stṛvāter aṇusaṃkhyā 7.5% iti (stṛvāti = helium) | anyānāṃ mūlakānām aṇusaṃkhyā 0.5% iti (mūlakam iti element) | anujāḥ paśyata paśyata+adbhutam idam ! sarvāḥ sthavara-jaṅgamāḥ 0.5% anena nirmitāḥ ||

kena rājanti nakṣatrāṇi? śruṇata anujā viṣayam imaṃ mahatvapūrṇaṃ | paramāṇur nābhāṇunā ca vidyudaṇunā ca nirmitaḥ (nābhāṇu= nucleus) | udajana-paramāṇor nābhāṇau kevala ekaḥ snigdhāṇur vartate (snigdhāṇu= proton) | anyeṣu paramāṇuṣu nābhāṇuṣu vartante snigdhāṇavaś ca samāṇavaś ca (samāṇu= neutron) | nakṣatreṣu+udajanaṃ vidyudaṇunā virahitaṃ kevalaṃ snigdhāṇu-rūpam asti | gurutva-dhrājyā nakṣatreṣv antaḥ snigdhāṇavaḥ saṃpīḍitāḥ santi | tena ekaḥ snigdhāṇur anyena snigdhāṇunā saṃskaroti | asmāt samāsāt sambhavanti dvitīyodajanasya nābhāṇuś ca nirvedāṇuś ca pratividyudaṇuś ca (nirvedāṇu= neutrino; pratividyudaṇu= positron; dvitīyodajana= deuterium) | dvitīyodajanasya nābhāṇau staḥ snigdhāṇu-samāṇū | tadanantaraṃ tata uparacitasya dvitīyodajanasya nābhāṇur anyena snigdhāṇunā saṃskaroti | tasmāt jāyata ekona-stṛvāter nābhāṇuḥ (^3He) | api caitasyāṃ prakriyāyāṃ ārohaty eko tivras tejāṇuḥ (tejāṇu=photon) | eṣas tejāṇur nakṣatrasya śaktyāḥ kāraṇam iti | tadanantaraṃ dve ekona-stṛvāti-nābhāṇaū eka ekena saṃskurutaḥ | tasyāḥ prakriyāyāḥ sambhavanti ekaḥ sāmānya-stṛvāti-nābhāṇuś ca dve snigdhāṇū ca | etau snigdhāṇū punaḥ prathamāṃ prakriyāṃ ārabhete | iyaṃ srajprakriyā |

api ca : pratividyudaṇur iti pratidravyam । dravyasya pratidravyeṇa saṃmelanāt jāyate tīvras tejāṇuḥ । asyāṃ prakriyāyāṃ vidyudaṇu-pratividyudāṇū vinaṣṭau bhavataḥ । tato vitaraṃ mucyate śaktiḥ ।

^1H + \, ^1H \rightarrow \, ^2H + \nu + e^+

^2H [n+p] + \, ^1H \rightarrow \, ^3He [n+2p] + \gamma

2 \times \, ^3He \rightarrow \, ^4He [2n+2p] + 2 \times \, ^1H

e^+ + e^- \rightarrow \gamma

iti sūtrāṇi |
nakṣatrāṇāṃ śaktyā mūla-kāraṇam | anayā rocante nakṣatrāṇi ||”

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